Calcium is the most common mineral in the body and an extremely important electrolyte for muscle and nerve function, while also being the main building block of the skeleton. Calcium…
Until around the 2000s, research on vitamin D in dogs focused entirely on the development of puppies' bones. Recommendations for vitamin D in dogs are practically entirely based on the…
Bioavailability is a term that one encounters reasonably often. It is primarily a poor translation of the meaning of being available, and the term bioactivity is often used instead – which, on the other hand, is a slightly different matter.
Vitamin A, or retinol, is a collective term for naturally occurring retinoids and those carotenoids that have retinol activity, such as beta-carotene. Retinol, the pure form of vitamin A, is only found in animal products, especially liver and eggs. In vegetables, vitamin A only appears in its precursors, usually as beta-carotene. Breast milk contains a lot of vitamin A and is the most important source for a puppy. This should be considered for bottle-fed puppies.
Calcium is the most common mineral in the body and a very important electrolyte for muscle and nerve function, while also being the main building block of the skeleton. In puppy nutrition, it is perhaps the most studied component, as researchers have sought to understand its role in bone development and growth disorders.